Language · 1984–now · Cloud Scale
Objective-C
The language of the iPhone era — brackets, message sends, and a decade of App Store gravity before Swift.
How Objective-C mutated
Objective-C mutated into Swift's predecessor rather than dying overnight. It stuck in legacy iOS codebases and Cocoa APIs. It failed as a greenfield default once Swift became Apple's blessing. Interop kept it alive; fashion did not.
Compare with
Related
Language · 2014–now
Swift
Apple's successor to Objective-C. The price of admission to serious iOS and macOS development.
Language · 1995–now
Java
Write once, run everywhere — then enterprise forever. Still the backbone of serious backend estates.
Language · 1972–now
C
The substrate language. Kernels, compilers, embedded — still the lingua franca when you need the metal.